Understanding memory is crucial for optimizing performance in software development. Ulrich Drepper’s comprehensive guide covers:
- RAM architecture and its impact on performance
- CPU caches (L1, L2, L3) and cache-line optimization
- Memory access patterns and latency reduction techniques
- Tools like
perf,valgrind, and `pmap` for memory profiling
Download the full guide here:
https://www.akkadia.org/drepper/cpumemory.pdf
You Should Know:
1. Checking Memory Usage in Linux
Use these commands to monitor memory:
free -h Show RAM usage vmstat 1 Virtual memory stats top Real-time memory usage per process pmap -x <PID> Detailed memory map of a process
2. Measuring Cache Performance
perf stat -e cache-references,cache-misses <command>
3. Optimizing Memory Access
- Use aligned memory allocations (
posix_memalignin C). - Avoid false sharing (padding variables in multithreaded apps).
- Prefer sequential access over random access for better cache utilization.
4. Detecting Memory Leaks
valgrind --leak-check=full ./your_program
5. Windows Memory Analysis
wmic memorychip list full View RAM details Get-Counter "\Memory\Available MB" Check available memory
6. NUMA (Non-Uniform Memory Access) Optimization
numactl --hardware Show NUMA node info numactl --cpunodebind=0 --membind=0 ./program Bind process to a NUMA node
7. Adjusting Swappiness
sudo sysctl vm.swappiness=10 Reduce swap usage (default: 60)
What Undercode Say:
Memory optimization remains a critical skill for high-performance computing. While Drepper’s paper is from 2006, core concepts like cache coherence, prefetching, and NUMA remain relevant. Modern systems benefit from tools like `eBPF` for deep memory tracing and `jemalloc` for efficient allocation. Expect future advancements in persistent memory (PMEM) and ML-driven memory prefetching to reshape optimization strategies.
Expected Output:
A detailed technical guide on memory optimization with practical commands and tools for Linux/Windows systems.
(Note: Telegram/WhatsApp links and unrelated comments were removed as requested.)
References:
Reported By: Fernando Franco – Hackers Feeds
Extra Hub: Undercode MoN
Basic Verification: Pass ✅
