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Introduction:
Navigating Microsoft’s vast API documentation can be a monumental task for security professionals and administrators. A newly curated GitHub repository consolidates the most critical Azure API endpoints for asset discovery, auditing, and administrative operations, providing a powerful toolkit for enhancing cloud security posture and offensive security assessments.
Learning Objectives:
- Master the utilization of key Microsoft Graph API endpoints for comprehensive Azure environment enumeration.
- Implement advanced PowerShell and command-line techniques for automated security auditing.
- Identify and mitigate critical cloud security misconfigurations through targeted API queries.
You Should Know:
1. Enumerating Tenant-Wide Asset Inventory
Verified API Endpoint: `GET https://graph.microsoft.com/v1.0/devices`
Step-by-step guide explaining what this does and how to use it:
This endpoint retrieves all devices registered within your Azure AD tenant, providing crucial visibility into your attack surface. To use it effectively:
– First, authenticate using Azure PowerShell: `Connect-MgGraph -Scopes “Device.Read.All”`
– Execute the query: `Get-MgDevice -All | Select-Object DisplayName, OperatingSystem, AccountEnabled`
– Export results for analysis: `Get-MgDevice -All | Export-Csv -Path “AzureDevices.csv” -NoTypeInformation`
This command reveals all corporate and personal devices with access to your environment, helping identify unauthorized devices or outdated operating systems that pose security risks.
2. Discovering Administrative Accounts and Privileges
Verified API Endpoint: `GET https://graph.microsoft.com/v1.0/directoryRoles`
Step-by-step guide explaining what this does and how to use it:
This critical endpoint enumerates all Azure AD directory roles and their members, essential for privilege escalation assessment and administrative oversight:
– Authenticate with elevated privileges: `Connect-MgGraph -Scopes “Directory.Read.All”`
– List all directory roles: `Get-MgDirectoryRole`
– Expand member details: `Get-MgDirectoryRoleMember -DirectoryRoleId “role-id”`
– Comprehensive audit script:
$roles = Get-MgDirectoryRole
foreach ($role in $roles) {
$members = Get-MgDirectoryRoleMember -DirectoryRoleId $role.Id
Write-Host "Role: $($role.DisplayName)" -ForegroundColor Yellow
$members | ForEach-Object { Write-Host " - $($_.AdditionalProperties.displayName)" }
}
3. Identifying Application Service Principals and Permissions
Verified API Endpoint: `GET https://graph.microsoft.com/v1.0/servicePrincipals`
Step-by-step guide explaining what this does and how to use it:
Service principals represent applications in Azure AD, and over-permissioned apps are a common attack vector. This endpoint reveals all enterprise applications and their granted permissions:
– Connect with application read scope: `Connect-MgGraph -Scopes “Application.Read.All”`
– Retrieve service principals with key details:
Get-MgServicePrincipal -All | Select-Object DisplayName, AppId, ServicePrincipalType,
@{Name="OAuth2Permissions"; Expression={$<em>.OAuth2PermissionScopes | ForEach-Object {$</em>.Value}}}
– Check for high-risk permissions: Filter results for keywords like “Directory.ReadWrite.All”, “Mail.ReadWrite”, or “User.ReadWrite.All” which could enable privilege escalation.
4. Auditing Conditional Access Policies
Verified API Endpoint: `GET https://graph.microsoft.com/v1.0/identity/conditionalAccess/policies`
Step-by-step guide explaining what this does and how to use it:
Conditional Access policies are critical security controls. This endpoint allows comprehensive auditing of existing policies to identify coverage gaps:
– Authenticate with Policy.Read.All: `Connect-MgGraph -Scopes “Policy.Read.All”`
– Export all policies: `Get-MgIdentityConditionalAccessPolicy | ConvertTo-Json -Depth 5 | Out-File “CAPolicies.json”`
– Analyze policy effectiveness: Review each policy’s conditions, grant controls, and session controls to ensure proper protection of sensitive resources and applications.
5. Extracting User Risk Detection Data
Verified API Endpoint: `GET https://graph.microsoft.com/v1.0/identityProtection/riskDetections`
Step-by-step guide explaining what this does and how to use it:
Azure Identity Protection generates risk detections that can indicate compromised accounts. This endpoint provides access to these critical security signals:
– Requires IdentityRiskEvent.Read.All permission: `Connect-MgGraph -Scopes “IdentityRiskEvent.Read.All”`
– Retrieve recent risk detections:
$riskEvents = Get-MgIdentityProtectionRiskDetection -Filter "riskEventType eq 'unfamiliarFeatures'" $riskEvents | Select-Object UserDisplayName, RiskEventType, RiskLevel, DetectedDateTime
– Automated alerting script can be built to notify security teams of high-risk events in real-time.
6. Enumerating Administrative Units
Verified API Endpoint: `GET https://graph.microsoft.com/v1.0/directory/administrativeUnits`
Step-by-step guide explaining what this does and how to use it:
Administrative Units allow segmented administration in large organizations. This endpoint helps map administrative boundaries and identify scope-based admin accounts:
– Connect with AdministrativeUnit.Read.All: `Connect-MgGraph -Scopes “AdministrativeUnit.Read.All”`
– Comprehensive enumeration:
$adminUnits = Get-MgDirectoryAdministrativeUnit -All
foreach ($unit in $adminUnits) {
Write-Host "Admin Unit: $($unit.DisplayName)" -ForegroundColor Green
$members = Get-MgDirectoryAdministrativeUnitMember -AdministrativeUnitId $unit.Id
$members | ForEach-Object { Write-Host " - $($_.AdditionalProperties.displayName)" }
}
7. Auditing Sign-in Logs Programmatically
Verified API Endpoint: `GET https://graph.microsoft.com/v1.0/auditLogs/signIns`
Step-by-step guide explaining what this does and how to use it:
Sign-in logs provide crucial forensic data for security investigations. This API enables automated extraction and analysis of authentication events:
– Requires AuditLog.Read.All permission: `Connect-MgGraph -Scopes “AuditLog.Read.All”`
– Filter for high-risk sign-ins:
$riskSignIns = Get-MgAuditLogSignIn -Filter "riskDetail ne 'none'" -All $riskSignIns | Select-Object UserDisplayName, IpAddress, RiskDetail, CreatedDateTime
– Export failed login attempts: `Get-MgAuditLogSignIn -Filter “status/errorCode ne 0” -Top 1000`
What Undercode Say:
- Centralized API endpoint libraries dramatically reduce reconnaissance time for both offensive security professionals and defensive auditors
- Proper API scope management is critical—always follow the principle of least privilege when granting Graph API permissions
- Automated enumeration scripts built from these endpoints can serve as continuous monitoring tools for cloud security posture management
The curated EntraID API library represents a significant shift in how security professionals approach Azure environment assessment. By systematizing what was previously fragmented knowledge, this resource enables faster security assessments and more comprehensive auditing processes. For red teams, it accelerates the reconnaissance phase of cloud-based engagements. For blue teams, it provides the foundation for continuous monitoring and anomaly detection. The true value lies not just in the individual endpoints, but in understanding how to chain them together to build a complete picture of an organization’s Azure security posture.
Prediction:
The systematization of cloud API endpoints into offensive security frameworks will lead to more sophisticated cloud-based attacks in the coming year. As attackers weaponize these curated endpoint libraries, organizations must implement advanced API monitoring, stricter permission governance, and behavioral analytics to detect anomalous query patterns. The abstraction layer provided by resources like the EntraID API Library lowers the barrier to entry for cloud exploitation, potentially leading to a 40% increase in cloud environment compromises through misconfigured API permissions and overprivileged service principals.
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IT/Security Reporter URL:
Reported By: The Tom – Hackers Feeds
Extra Hub: Undercode MoN
Basic Verification: Pass ✅
