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Comprehensive List of IPv4 Commands (Windows, Linux, macOS)
Windows IPv4 Commands
ipconfig Display IP configuration ipconfig /all Detailed network info ipconfig /release Release DHCP lease ipconfig /renew Renew DHCP lease netsh interface ip show config Show interface IP config
Linux IPv4 Commands
ifconfig Display network interfaces (deprecated, use ip) ip addr show Show IP addresses (modern alternative) ip route Display routing table nmcli device show NetworkManager details (if used)
macOS IPv4 Commands
ifconfig Show network interfaces netstat -rn Display routing table scutil --dns Check DNS configuration
Network Diagnostic Commands (All Platforms)
Ping & Traceroute
ping google.com Basic connectivity test traceroute google.com Linux/macOS - trace network path tracert google.com Windows - trace network path
DNS & Port Checks
nslookup google.com DNS query (Windows/Linux) dig google.com Advanced DNS lookup (Linux/macOS) netstat -tuln List listening ports (Linux/macOS)
IPv6 Commands
ip -6 addr show Linux - show IPv6 addresses netsh interface ipv6 show addresses Windows IPv6 config ifconfig | grep inet6 macOS/Linux - filter IPv6
CIDR & Subnetting Basics
Calculate Subnets
Example: Split 192.168.1.0/24 into /26 subnets Subnet Mask: 255.255.255.192 Subnets: 192.168.1.0/26, 192.168.1.64/26, 192.168.1.128/26, 192.168.1.192/26
Check Subnet Membership (Linux)
ipcalc 192.168.1.50/26 Verify if IP is in subnet
You Should Know:
Advanced Linux Networking
ss -tuln Modern replacement for netstat tcptraceroute google.com TCP-based traceroute mtr google.com Real-time network diagnostic tool
Windows PowerShell Networking
Test-NetConnection google.com -Port 80 Check port connectivity Get-NetIPConfiguration Detailed IP info Resolve-DnsName google.com PowerShell DNS lookup
Subnetting Practice
Calculate number of hosts per subnet: Formula: 2^(32 - CIDR) - 2 Example: /24 = 254 hosts, /26 = 62 hosts
What Undercode Say
Mastering IPv4, IPv6, CIDR, and subnetting is essential for network security and administration. Use `tcpdump` for packet analysis (tcpdump -i eth0), `nmap` for network scanning (nmap -sP 192.168.1.0/24), and `iptables` for firewall rules. Windows admins should learn `netsh advfirewall` for firewall management. Always verify routes (route -n in Linux, `route print` in Windows) and test DNS propagation (dig +trace google.com).
Expected Output:
– `ip addr show` → Displays all network interfaces and IPs.
– `ping -c 4 google.com` → Sends 4 ICMP packets to Google.
– `nmap -p 22,80,443 target_ip` → Scans common ports on a target.
– `ip route add 10.0.0.0/8 via 192.168.1.1` → Adds a static route.
For further reading:
References:
Reported By: Activity 7321578831377539072 – Hackers Feeds
Extra Hub: Undercode MoN
Basic Verification: Pass ✅
