# Migration to Post-Quantum Cryptography: A Comprehensive Guide

The UK’s National Cyber Security Centre (NCSC) has released pragmatic guidance on migrating to Post-Quantum Cryptography (PQC). This transition is critical as quantum computing threatens current cryptographic standards. The NCSC outlines a phased approach:

1. By 2028 – Identify cryptographic dependencies and assess PQC upgrade requirements.
2. By 2031 – Develop migration strategies and prepare infrastructure.

3. By 2035 – Execute migration plans.

Key Resources:

• NCSC Guidance: Setting direction for the UK’s migration to PQC
• PQC Migration Timelines: NCSC Official Document
• NIST PQC Project: Post-Quantum Cryptography Standards

You Should Know: Practical Steps for PQC Migration

1. Assessing Cryptographic Dependencies

Use these commands to audit cryptographic usage in Linux:

<h1>Check OpenSSL versions and supported algorithms</h1>

openssl list -cipher-algorithms 
openssl list -public-key-algorithms

<h1>Check TLS configurations</h1>

nmap --script ssl-cert,ssl-enum-ciphers -p 443 <target> 

### **2. Testing PQC Algorithms**

Palo Alto Networks supports ML-KEM, ML-DSA, and SLH-DSA in PAN-OS 11.1+. Verify PQC readiness:

<h1>Check IKEv2 configurations (RFC 9242 & RFC 9370)</h1>

ipsec statusall

<h1>Enable hybrid key exchange for quantum resistance</h1>

set vpn ipsec crypto-profile <profile> ikev2-multiple-key-exchange enforce 

### **3. Detecting Unauthorized PQC Usage**

Palo Alto firewalls can detect rogue PQC implementations:

<h1>Enable PQC decryption rules</h1>

set decryption profile <profile> post-quantum-crypto detection 

### **4. Migrating VPNs to PQC Standards**

For **IPSec VPNs**, enforce **RFC 8784 (PQ PPK)**:

<h1>Configure quantum-resistant pre-shared keys</h1>

set network ike crypto-profile <profile> pre-shared-key quantum-resistant 

### **5. Cloud & Hybrid Encryption Strategies**

AWS, Azure, and Google Cloud are adopting PQC. Check for updates:

<h1>AWS KMS PQC readiness (future CLI updates expected)</h1>

aws kms list-keys --query 'Keys[].KeyId' 

## **What Undercode Say**

The shift to Post-Quantum Cryptography is inevitable. Enterprises must:
– Audit cryptographic systems (openssl, nmap).
– Test PQC algorithms in labs before deployment.
– Monitor for unauthorized PQC usage (Palo Alto decryption rules).
– Adopt hybrid encryption (RFC 9242, RFC 9370).

**Key Commands Recap:**

<h1>Check supported ciphers</h1>

openssl ciphers -v

<h1>Verify IPSec PQC settings</h1>

ipsec statusall

<h1>AWS KMS key check</h1>

aws kms describe-key --key-id <key-id> 

## **Expected Output:**

• NCSC PQC Guide: Link
• Palo Alto PQC Docs: RFC 8784
• NIST PQC Project: Link

References:

Reported By: Raphael Marichez – Hackers Feeds
Extra Hub: Undercode MoN
Basic Verification: Pass ✅

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