Microservices Cheatsheet: Essential Components for Scalable Architectures

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Microservices architecture is a powerful approach to building scalable and maintainable applications. Below is a detailed breakdown of key components, along with practical commands and steps to implement them effectively.

You Should Know:

1. Containerization & Orchestration

  • Docker (Containerization):
    Build a Docker image 
    docker build -t my-microservice .
    
    Run a container 
    docker run -d -p 8080:80 my-microservice
    
    List running containers 
    docker ps 
    

  • Kubernetes (Orchestration):

    Deploy a microservice 
    kubectl apply -f deployment.yaml
    
    Check pod status 
    kubectl get pods
    
    Scale a deployment 
    kubectl scale deployment my-app --replicas=5 
    

2. API Management & Inter-Service Communication

  • REST APIs (curl commands):

    GET request 
    curl -X GET https://api.example.com/users
    
    POST request 
    curl -X POST -H "Content-Type: application/json" -d '{"name":"John"}' https://api.example.com/users 
    

  • gRPC (Protocol Buffers):

    Generate gRPC stubs 
    protoc --go_out=. --go-grpc_out=. service.proto 
    

3. Monitoring & Logging

  • Prometheus & Grafana:

    Start Prometheus 
    docker run -d -p 9090:9090 prom/prometheus
    
    Query metrics 
    curl http://localhost:9090/api/v1/query?query=up 
    

  • ELK Stack (Elasticsearch, Logstash, Kibana):

    Ingest logs with Logstash 
    input { file { path => "/var/log/app.log" } } 
    output { elasticsearch { hosts => ["localhost:9200"] } } 
    

4. Security & Compliance

  • JWT Token Validation:

    Generate a JWT token 
    openssl genrsa -out private.pem 2048 
    openssl rsa -in private.pem -pubout -out public.pem 
    

  • Kubernetes RBAC:

    role.yaml 
    apiVersion: rbac.authorization.k8s.io/v1 
    kind: Role 
    metadata: 
    name: pod-reader 
    rules:</p></li>
    <li>apiGroups: [""] 
    resources: ["pods"] 
    verbs: ["get", "watch", "list"] 
    

5. Cloud & Data Management

  • AWS CLI (S3 Example):

    List S3 buckets 
    aws s3 ls
    
    Upload a file 
    aws s3 cp file.txt s3://my-bucket/ 
    

  • Terraform (Infrastructure as Code):

    Initialize Terraform 
    terraform init
    
    Apply changes 
    terraform apply 
    

6. Networking & Load Balancing