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Mastering Linux commands is essential for efficient system navigation and administration. Below are fundamental commands categorized for daily use.
🔷 FILES & NAVIGIGATION
🔸 `ls` – List files and directories in the current folder.
🔸 `ls -l` – Detailed list with permissions, owner, size, and modification date.
🔸 `ls -la` – Includes hidden files (those starting with a dot .).
🔸 `cd dir` – Change directory to `dir`.
🔸 `cd ..` – Move to the parent directory.
🔸 `cd ../dir` – Navigate to a directory inside the parent folder.
🔸 `cd ~` – Go to the home directory.
🔸 `pwd` – Print the current working directory.
🔸 `mkdir dir` – Create a new directory named dir.
🔸 `rm file` – Delete a file.
🔸 `rm -f file` – Force-delete a file (bypass prompts).
🔸 `rm -r dir` – Recursively delete a directory and its contents.
🔸 `rm -rf /` – DANGER! Force-deletes everything (use with extreme caution).
🔸 `cp file1 file2` – Copy `file1` to file2.
🔸 `mv file1 file2` – Rename `file1` to `file2` or move it.
🔸 `mv file1 dir/file2` – Move `file1` to `dir` and rename it to file2.
🔸 `touch file` – Create an empty file or update its timestamp.
🔸 `cat file` – Display file contents.
🔸 `cat > file` – Write input to a file (overwrites existing content).
🔸 `cat >> file` – Append input to a file.
🔸 `tail -f file` – Monitor file changes in real-time (useful for logs).
🔷 SYSTEM INFO
🔸 `date` – Show current date and time.
🔸 `uptime` – Display system uptime and load averages.
🔸 `whoami` – Print the current logged-in user.
You Should Know:
1. Advanced File Operations
- Find Files:
find /path -name "filename"
- Search Inside Files:
grep "text" file.txt
- Compress/Decompress:
tar -czvf archive.tar.gz /folder tar -xzvf archive.tar.gz
2. Process Management
- List Running Processes:
ps aux
- Kill a Process:
kill -9 PID
- Monitor System Resources:
top htop (if installed)
3. Networking
- Check Connectivity:
ping google.com
- Check Open Ports:
netstat -tuln
- Download Files:
wget https://example.com/file
4. Permissions & Ownership
- Change Permissions:
chmod 755 file.sh
- Change Owner:
chown user:group file
What Undercode Say:
Linux commands are the backbone of system administration, cybersecurity, and DevOps. Mastering these basics allows for efficient troubleshooting, automation, and security hardening.
Bonus Commands for Cybersecurity:
- Check Active Connections:
ss -tuln
- Analyze Logs:
journalctl -xe
- Secure File Transfer:
scp file user@remote:/path
- Check User Logins:
last
- Audit File Changes:
stat file
Expected Output:
A well-structured Linux command cheat sheet with practical examples for daily use, cybersecurity, and system management.
(Note: Telegram/WhatsApp links and unrelated comments were removed.)
References:
Reported By: Ninadurann Linux – Hackers Feeds
Extra Hub: Undercode MoN
Basic Verification: Pass ✅
