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Spoofing Google Emails with DKIM Replay + Google Sites
Attackers can spoof legitimate-looking Google emails that pass authentication checks (DMARC, SPF, DKIM) using:
1. Google Sites – Hosting a phishing page.
- Outlook + Custom SMTP Relays – Crafting deceptive emails.
- DKIM Replay – Reusing valid DKIM-signed headers to bypass filters.
Technical Breakdown:
🔗 EasyDMARC Explains DKIM Replay Attack
Cross-Site WebSocket Hijacking (CSWSH) in 2025
WebSockets remain vulnerable because:
❌ No Same Origin Policy (SOP) enforcement
❌ Session cookies are automatically sent
❌ Bypasses SameSite=Lax & modern protections
Exploitation Steps:
1. Attacker crafts a malicious site (attacker.com).
2. Victim visits attacker.com while logged into bank.com.
3. WebSocket connection hijacked via stolen cookies.
🔗 Include Security on CSWSH
🔗 Black Hills InfoSec Burp Suite Exploit
You Should Know:
Preventing DKIM Replay Attacks
Verify DKIM signatures manually (Linux) sudo apt install opendkim-tools opendkim-testmsg -d example.com -s default -vvv < email.txt
Mitigating CSWSH
// Server-side WebSocket Origin validation (Node.js)
const WebSocket = require('ws');
const server = new WebSocket.Server({
verifyClient: (info) => {
return info.origin === 'https://trusted.com';
}
});
Detecting SMTP Relay Abuse
Windows: Check suspicious SMTP relays
Get-WinEvent -LogName "Application" | Where-Object {
$<em>.Message -like "SMTP Relay" -and $</em>.Level -eq 2
}
What Undercode Say
DKIM replay and CSWSH attacks exploit trust in authentication mechanisms. Always:
– Enforce strict origin checks for WebSockets.
– Monitor SMTP logs for relay abuse.
– Train users to scrutinize “legitimate” emails.
Expected Output:
Linux: Analyze email headers for DKIM spoofing grep -i "dkim-signature" /var/log/mail.log
Windows: Audit WebSocket connections netsh trace start capture=yes scenario=InternetClient tracefile=websocket.etl
Stay vigilant—attackers evolve faster than defenses.
References:
Reported By: Housenathan Appsec – Hackers Feeds
Extra Hub: Undercode MoN
Basic Verification: Pass ✅
