CVE-2025-1094: PostgreSQL Psql SQL Injection

2025-02-17

This vulnerability presents significant risks to the integrity and security of database systems using PostgreSQL. This flaw allows attackers to inject malicious data into some of the REST API endpoints’ query parameters. When the PostgreSQL interactive tool reads untrusted input, it can lead to unauthorized access, data manipulation, and potentially severe security breaches.

Proof of Concept (POC): CVE-2025-1094 POC

HUNTER: `protocol=”postgresql”`

FOFA: `product=”PostgreSQL”`

SHODAN: `”port:5432 PostgreSQL”`

Practice Verified Codes and Commands

To mitigate this vulnerability, consider the following steps:

Input Validation: Ensure all inputs are validated before processing. Use parameterized queries to prevent SQL injection.

-- Example of a parameterized query in PostgreSQL
PREPARE user_query (text) AS
SELECT * FROM users WHERE username = $1;
EXECUTE user_query('input_username');

Update PostgreSQL: Always keep your PostgreSQL installation up to date. Check for updates regularly.
```
sudo apt-get update
sudo apt-get upgrade postgresql
```
Network Security: Restrict access to PostgreSQL ports (default: 5432) using firewalls.
```
sudo ufw allow from 192.168.1.0/24 to any port 5432
sudo ufw enable
```
Log Monitoring: Enable and monitor PostgreSQL logs for suspicious activities.
```
sudo nano /etc/postgresql/12/main/postgresql.conf</p></li>
</ol>

<h1>Set logging parameters</h1>

<p>log_statement = 'all'
log_directory = 'pg_log'
```
1. Use Prepared Statements: Always use prepared statements to avoid SQL injection.
```
import psycopg2
conn = psycopg2.connect("dbname=test user=postgres password=secret")
cur = conn.cursor()
cur.execute("PREPARE user_query (text) AS SELECT * FROM users WHERE username = $1")
cur.execute("EXECUTE user_query(%s)", (user_input,))
```
What Undercode Say

The CVE-2025-1094 vulnerability in PostgreSQL is a critical issue that underscores the importance of robust input validation and secure coding practices. SQL injection remains one of the most common and dangerous vulnerabilities in web applications. To protect your systems, always validate and sanitize user inputs, use parameterized queries, and keep your software up to date.

In addition to the steps mentioned above, consider implementing the following best practices:
- Regular Security Audits: Conduct regular security audits to identify and mitigate potential vulnerabilities.
```
sudo apt-get install lynis
sudo lynis audit system
```
- Database Encryption: Encrypt sensitive data stored in your database.
```
CREATE EXTENSION pgcrypto;
INSERT INTO users (username, password) VALUES ('user1', crypt('password', gen_salt('bf')));
```
- Role-Based Access Control (RBAC): Implement RBAC to limit access to sensitive data.
```
CREATE ROLE read_only;
GRANT CONNECT ON DATABASE mydb TO read_only;
GRANT USAGE ON SCHEMA public TO read_only;
GRANT SELECT ON ALL TABLES IN SCHEMA public TO read_only;
```
- Backup and Recovery: Regularly back up your database and test your recovery process.
```
pg_dump mydb > mydb_backup.sql
pg_restore -d mydb mydb_backup.sql
```
- Network Segmentation: Use network segmentation to isolate your database servers from other parts of your network.
```
sudo iptables -A INPUT -p tcp --dport 5432 -s 192.168.1.0/24 -j ACCEPT
sudo iptables -A INPUT -p tcp --dport 5432 -j DROP
```
By following these practices, you can significantly reduce the risk of SQL injection and other security threats. Always stay informed about the latest vulnerabilities and patches to keep your systems secure.

For more information on PostgreSQL security, visit the official PostgreSQL documentation.

References:

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