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You Should Know:
Automated bug bounty hunting has become a powerful tool for identifying vulnerabilities efficiently. In this case, two critical vulnerabilities were discovered: Missing Header and Missing Anti-Framing Policy. These vulnerabilities can lead to security risks such as clickjacking and data exposure. Below are some practical steps, commands, and code snippets to help you understand and replicate similar findings.
1. Missing Header Vulnerability
Missing security headers like X-Frame-Options, Content-Security-Policy, or `Strict-Transport-Security` can expose websites to attacks. Here’s how to check for missing headers using cURL:
curl -I https://example.com
Output Analysis:
- Look for missing headers like:
– `X-Frame-Options: DENY` (prevents clickjacking)
– `Content-Security-Policy: frame-ancestors ‘none’` (restricts framing)
– `Strict-Transport-Security: max-age=31536000; includeSubDomains` (enforces HTTPS)
Python Script to Check Headers:
import requests
def check_headers(url):
response = requests.head(url)
headers = response.headers
required_headers = ["X-Frame-Options", "Content-Security-Policy", "Strict-Transport-Security"]
for header in required_headers:
if header not in headers:
print(f"Missing Header: {header}")
check_headers("https://example.com")
2. Missing Anti-Framing Policy
Anti-framing policies prevent your site from being embedded in iframes, which can mitigate clickjacking attacks. Use the following Content Security Policy (CSP) to enforce this:
[http]
Content-Security-Policy: frame-ancestors ‘self’;
[/http]
Testing Anti-Framing Policy:
- Use browser developer tools (F12) to check if the site can be embedded in an iframe.
- Example HTML to test:
</li> </ul> <iframe src="https://example.com" width="500" height="500"></iframe>
3. Automated Tools for Bug Bounty Hunting
- Nikto: A web server scanner to identify misconfigurations and vulnerabilities.
nikto -h https://example.com
- Nmap: Scan for open ports and services.
nmap -sV --script=http-security-headers example.com
- OWASP ZAP: An open-source web application security scanner.
zap-baseline.py -t https://example.com
4. Practice Commands for Linux/Windows
- Linux:
- Check open ports:
netstat -tuln
- Monitor HTTP traffic:
tcpdump -i eth0 port 80
- Windows:
- Check network connections:
netstat -an
- Test SSL/TLS configuration:
openssl s_client -connect example.com:443
What Undercode Say:
Automating bug bounty hunting can significantly enhance your efficiency in identifying vulnerabilities like missing headers and anti-framing policies. By leveraging tools like cURL, Nikto, Nmap, and OWASP ZAP, you can streamline your security assessments. Always ensure that critical security headers are implemented to protect against common web vulnerabilities. Keep practicing and refining your skills to stay ahead in the ever-evolving field of cybersecurity.
Useful Resources:
References:
Reported By: Muzamil Hussain – Hackers Feeds
Extra Hub: Undercode MoN
Basic Verification: Pass ✅Join Our Cyber World:
- Nikto: A web server scanner to identify misconfigurations and vulnerabilities.
